Understanding Electronic Cigarette Technology

Electronic cigarette technology has changed a great deal in recent years. The devices have become more efficient, more cost-effective and more enjoyable than they were in the past. Some of the older types of technology are still in use. This is because they're reliable and they're preferred by some e-smokers. Some e-smokers, however, will find the latest, greatest innovations to be much to their liking. This depends on what you want out of your smoking experience. As the technology has changed it has also changed the experience of e-smoking to some degree.

Today's electronic cigarette technology incorporates batteries that don't need a button to initialize the vaporizer. These are controlled by pressure switches that detect when the cigarette is being drawn on. This technology provides an experience closer to that of smoking a traditional cigarette.

Some e-smokers prefer this and some prefer a device that has a button-activated battery. Both are available and the prices are usually very similar. What matters is what you like. E-cigarettes are actually very simple devices and that means that they're also very reliable, whether the technology is the newest or the most traditional on the market.

One major advance in electronic cigarette technology is the way that they charge up. Most of today's devices have the capacity to be charged via a USB port. This makes it very convenient to keep your device charged and ready at all times. Most of the chargers will also accommodate charging via a wall socket, and this means you can keep your smoke charged up no matter where you are. There are even packs available that store energy so that you can charge up your cigarette on the go. These are popular with people who are travelling and who don't have access to a computer or an outlet.

Electronic cigarette technology also extends to the cartridges. If you buy a device with a separate atomizer, remember that it will need to be replaced now and then. Devices with one-piece cartridges allow you to essentially have a new atomizer every time you change your cartridge. These are good options for those who like minimal hassle with their devices. They also allow you to save on shipping costs as you won't have to order as many parts to keep your cigarette going. No matter what you want, you'll find that e-cig technology can generally deliver quality.



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Understanding DNA Technology

Without a doubt, DNA technology has revolutionized the world of science.  Scientific fields of biochemistry, genetics, biology and even forensics have been changed by the use of this powerful technology.  Deoxyribonucleic acid, otherwise known as DNA, is an organism's genetic material.  This technology has solved many mysteries behind evolution, diseases and even human behavior.

DNA technology is also being widely used to verify biological relationships and the identity of individuals living or deceased.  Major advances in DNA profiling have enabled DNA tests to be completed in just a short time.

There are many technologies used in DNA testing.  The most common of which are Electrophoresis,  Short Tandem Repeats (STRs), Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), Mitochondrial DNA Sequencing (mtDNA Sequencing) and Restrictive Fragment Length Polymorphism or RFLP.  A brief description of each technology is provided below.

Electrophoresis is a technique in separating DNA fragments according to size by introducing an electric field into the DNA molecule.  The DNA molecule is set on a viscous medium, referred to as the gel.  Longer and smaller molecules are separated because of their different abilities to pass through the gel.

Short Tandem Repeats (STRs) is a type of DNA analysis performed to examine specific areas in a DNA.  Each individual has differences in certain DNA regions.  These differences are used to ascertain the identity of an individual.

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) is a technique used to create precise DNA replications.  Millions of replications are created thereby allowing DNA analysis to be performed on samples that are extremely tiny such as a couple of skin cells.  The sample though must not be contaminated by DNA of another source.

Mitochondrial DNA Sequencing (mtDNA Sequencing).  There are two types of cells in a DNA – nuclear DNA and mitochondrial DNA.  There are cases wherein a sample is too old and no longer has nuclear DNA.  mtDNA Sequencing is a technique used to recover mitochondrial DNA.  Forensics uses this type of technology on cases that have been unsolved even after so many years.

Restrictive Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) DNA technology is one of the first technologies used in DNA analysis and is no longer widely used.

 RFLP analyzes different lengths of DNA fragments from the digestion of a sample with a restriction endonuclease enzyme.